Neck Pain and Headache Are Surprisingly Connected
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Some people suffer from chronic headaches and undergo various tests but cannot find a clear cause. In such cases, cervicogenic headache — a headache originating from the neck — should be suspected. Cervicogenic headache is reported to account for about 15–20% of all chronic headaches.
What is cervicogenic headache?
It refers to a headache caused by problems in the joints, discs, muscles, or ligaments of the neck, which irritate the surrounding nerves. The nerves of the upper cervical spine (C1–C3) supply sensation to the back and top of the head, so problems in this area can be perceived as a headache.
Features of cervicogenic headache
- Usually starts at the back of the head and spreads to the temples or behind the eyes
- Often appears on only one side
- Triggered or worsened by moving the neck in a specific direction
- Worsens after maintaining the same posture for long periods
- Accompanied by stiffness in the neck and shoulders
Why does headache originate from the neck?
The upper cervical nerves merge with the sensory nerves of the face and head at the trigeminal nucleus. As a result, irritation of the cervical nerves is transmitted as head pain. This is called the trigeminocervical complex.
How is it distinguished?
- Unlike migraine, nausea and sensitivity to light or sound are minimal
- A clear connection exists between neck movement and headache onset
- Pressing on the neck muscles reproduces the headache (tender points)
- Painkillers have weak or only temporary effect
Because cervicogenic headache resolves when the underlying neck problem is treated, the headache also improves. If chronic headache occurs together with neck pain, it is worth examining whether the cervical spine is the cause.