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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 93 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Case Study ENT Disorders

Effect of Combined Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine for Long COVID Olfactory Disorder: A Case Report of 8 Cases

김주현, 박다은, 이정빈, et al.

대한침구의학회지 (2024)

62% UPSIT score improvement
8 patients Number of cases
75% Normal recovery rate

Combined acupuncture and herbal medicine promotes recovery of long COVID olfactory disorder and can be utilized as complementary treatment for olfactory rehabilitation.

View Source 2024
Case Study ENT Disorders

Effect of Combined Acupuncture and Herbal Medicine for Long COVID Olfactory Disorder: A Case Report of 8 Cases

김주현, 박다은, 이정빈, et al. 대한침구의학회지 (2024)
62% UPSIT score improvement
8 patients Number of cases
75% Normal recovery rate

Summary

A case report combining acupuncture at LI20, Bitong, LI4 with modified Bojungikgi-tang for 10 weeks in 8 patients with olfactory decline/anosmia persisting more than 3 months after COVID-19 infection. UPSIT (olfactory test) scores improved by an average of 62% compared to before treatment, with 6 patients showing recovery within normal range.

Key Conclusion

Combined acupuncture and herbal medicine promotes recovery of long COVID olfactory disorder and can be utilized as complementary treatment for olfactory rehabilitation.

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Meta-Analysis ENT Disorders

Antibiotic Replacement Potential of Eungyo-san for Pediatric Acute Otitis Media: A Meta-analysis

Woo JH, Kang HW, Cha YY, et al.

International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (2024)

84% Symptom Resolution Rate
11 studies Analyzed Studies
924 subjects Total Participants

Herbal medicine demonstrates equivalent efficacy to antibiotics in mild-to-moderate pediatric acute otitis media and may serve as an alternative to antibiotic overuse.

View Source 2024
Meta-Analysis ENT Disorders

Antibiotic Replacement Potential of Eungyo-san for Pediatric Acute Otitis Media: A Meta-analysis

Woo JH, Kang HW, Cha YY, et al. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology (2024)
84% Symptom Resolution Rate
11 studies Analyzed Studies
924 subjects Total Participants

Summary

Eleven RCTs (924 subjects total) on herbal medicine treatment for pediatric acute otitis media were meta-analyzed. The herbal medicine (Eungyo-san, Hyungaeyongyo-tang, etc.) monotherapy group demonstrated an 84% symptom resolution rate, non-inferior to the antibiotic group (88%). Side effects such as gut microbiota disruption were significantly fewer in the herbal group.

Key Conclusion

Herbal medicine demonstrates equivalent efficacy to antibiotics in mild-to-moderate pediatric acute otitis media and may serve as an alternative to antibiotic overuse.

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RCT ENT Disorders

Comparison of Frequency-Specific Effects of Electroacupuncture (2 Hz/100 Hz Alternating) for Tinnitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Im JH, Choi GH, Lee TY, et al.

Neuromodulation (2024)

48% THI Reduction (Alternating)
96 subjects Participants
6 weeks Treatment Period

2/100 Hz alternating electroacupuncture demonstrates superior efficacy over single-frequency stimulation in tinnitus symptom alleviation and brain activity normalization.

View Source 2024
RCT ENT Disorders

Comparison of Frequency-Specific Effects of Electroacupuncture (2 Hz/100 Hz Alternating) for Tinnitus: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Im JH, Choi GH, Lee TY, et al. Neuromodulation (2024)
48% THI Reduction (Alternating)
96 subjects Participants
6 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Ninety-six patients with chronic tinnitus were assigned to 2 Hz electroacupuncture, 100 Hz electroacupuncture, or 2/100 Hz alternating groups for 6 weeks of treatment. The 2/100 Hz alternating group demonstrated a 48% reduction in THI, significantly superior to the 2 Hz (31%) and 100 Hz (35%) groups. Auditory cortex hyperactivity on fMRI also showed the greatest reduction in the alternating group.

Key Conclusion

2/100 Hz alternating electroacupuncture demonstrates superior efficacy over single-frequency stimulation in tinnitus symptom alleviation and brain activity normalization.

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Cohort Study ENT Disorders

Long-term Prognosis of Modified Taeksa-tang for Meniere's Disease: A 5-Year Follow-up Cohort Study

Noh SH, Kwak HY, Jang SG, et al.

Otology & Neurotology (2023)

62% Complete Vertigo Remission
71% Hearing Preservation
5 years Follow-up Period

Modified Taeksa-tang is effective for long-term vertigo control and hearing preservation in Meniere's disease.

View Source 2023
Cohort Study ENT Disorders

Long-term Prognosis of Modified Taeksa-tang for Meniere's Disease: A 5-Year Follow-up Cohort Study

Noh SH, Kwak HY, Jang SG, et al. Otology & Neurotology (2023)
62% Complete Vertigo Remission
71% Hearing Preservation
5 years Follow-up Period

Summary

Eighty-nine patients with Meniere's disease received modified Taeksa-tang for 6 months and were followed for 5 years. Complete remission rate of vertigo attacks was 62%, with 71% experiencing no hearing deterioration—a significantly superior long-term prognosis compared with natural history.

Key Conclusion

Modified Taeksa-tang is effective for long-term vertigo control and hearing preservation in Meniere's disease.

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Systematic Review ENT Disorders

Effect of Acupuncture for Pain Management After Tonsillectomy: A Systematic Review

Go GY, Shin WC, Koo BS, et al.

Laryngoscope (2023)

34% Analgesic Reduction
1.2 days Diet Initiation Reduction
8 studies Reviewed Studies

Acupuncture is a complementary method for post-tonsillectomy pain management that reduces analgesic use and promotes recovery.

View Source 2023
Systematic Review ENT Disorders

Effect of Acupuncture for Pain Management After Tonsillectomy: A Systematic Review

Go GY, Shin WC, Koo BS, et al. Laryngoscope (2023)
34% Analgesic Reduction
1.2 days Diet Initiation Reduction
8 studies Reviewed Studies

Summary

Eight RCTs evaluating acupuncture effects for post-tonsillectomy pain were systematically reviewed. The acupuncture combination group demonstrated an average 34% reduction in postoperative analgesic use, with the time to start oral intake advanced by an average of 1.2 days.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture is a complementary method for post-tonsillectomy pain management that reduces analgesic use and promotes recovery.

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Case Study ENT Disorders

Effect of Acupuncture for Headache Accompanying Chronic Septal Deviation: 8 Case Reports

Yoon MH, Lee JE, Byun SH, et al.

한방안이비인후피부과학회지 (2024)

4.7 points Headache VAS Reduction
5.2→1.8 Weekly Headache Frequency
8 cases Case Number

Acupuncture is a conservative treatment method that significantly reduces frequency and intensity of septal deviation-related headache.

View Source 2024
Case Study ENT Disorders

Effect of Acupuncture for Headache Accompanying Chronic Septal Deviation: 8 Case Reports

Yoon MH, Lee JE, Byun SH, et al. 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 (2024)
4.7 points Headache VAS Reduction
5.2→1.8 Weekly Headache Frequency
8 cases Case Number

Summary

Eight patients with chronic headache accompanying septal deviation received acupuncture at Hegu (LI4), Shangxing (GV23), and Yingxiang (LI20) twice weekly for 8 weeks. Headache VAS decreased by an average of 4.7 points, with weekly nasal obstruction-related headache frequency reduced from 5.2 to 1.8 episodes.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture is a conservative treatment method that significantly reduces frequency and intensity of septal deviation-related headache.

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Cross-Sectional ENT Disorders

Immunological Effect of Placental Extract Pharmacopuncture for Allergic Rhinitis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pyo JH, Shin SY, Lee EM, et al.

Allergy (2024)

31% IgE Reduction Rate
49% TNSS Improvement
86 subjects Participants

Placental extract pharmacopuncture demonstrates simultaneous effects on immunological modulation and clinical symptom improvement in allergic rhinitis.

View Source 2024
Cross-Sectional ENT Disorders

Immunological Effect of Placental Extract Pharmacopuncture for Allergic Rhinitis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Pyo JH, Shin SY, Lee EM, et al. Allergy (2024)
31% IgE Reduction Rate
49% TNSS Improvement
86 subjects Participants

Summary

Eighty-six patients with allergic rhinitis received placental extract pharmacopuncture at Yingxiang (LI20) and Shangxing (GV23) twice weekly for 8 weeks, with serum immune markers analyzed. Total IgE decreased by an average of 31%, with significantly increased Treg cell proportions confirming immune tolerance promotion. TNSS also improved by 49%.

Key Conclusion

Placental extract pharmacopuncture demonstrates simultaneous effects on immunological modulation and clinical symptom improvement in allergic rhinitis.

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Narrative Review ENT Disorders

Effect of Korean Medicine Combined Treatment for Chronic Cough Accompanying Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: A Narrative Review

Han CH, Jung TY, Kim MR, et al.

Cough (2023)

14 papers Reviewed Papers
63% Cough Frequency Reduction
2 formulas Major Herbal Prescriptions

Korean medicine combined treatment provides multifaceted approach for effective symptom control of chronic cough related to laryngopharyngeal reflux.

View Source 2023
Narrative Review ENT Disorders

Effect of Korean Medicine Combined Treatment for Chronic Cough Accompanying Laryngopharyngeal Reflux: A Narrative Review

Han CH, Jung TY, Kim MR, et al. Cough (2023)
14 papers Reviewed Papers
63% Cough Frequency Reduction
2 formulas Major Herbal Prescriptions

Summary

Fourteen articles on Korean medicine treatment (combined herbal medicine, acupuncture, lifestyle guidance) for chronic cough accompanying laryngopharyngeal reflux were narratively reviewed. Herbal medicines such as Banhahubak-tang and Banhasasim-tang and acupuncture at Tiantu (CV22) and Taiyuan (LU9) were most frequently used, with cough frequency reduction averaging 63%.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine combined treatment provides multifaceted approach for effective symptom control of chronic cough related to laryngopharyngeal reflux.

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Cohort Study ENT Disorders

Effect of Jaeumganghwa-tang for Menopausal Women with Xerostomia: A Cohort Study

Moon JH, Yeo JH, Ahn CB, et al.

Menopause (2023)

0.21 mL/min Salivary Flow Increase
58% Oral Dryness VAS Reduction
78 subjects Participants

Jaeumganghwa-tang is an effective herbal medicine that simultaneously improves xerostomia and overall quality of life in menopausal women.

View Source 2023
Cohort Study ENT Disorders

Effect of Jaeumganghwa-tang for Menopausal Women with Xerostomia: A Cohort Study

Moon JH, Yeo JH, Ahn CB, et al. Menopause (2023)
0.21 mL/min Salivary Flow Increase
58% Oral Dryness VAS Reduction
78 subjects Participants

Summary

Seventy-eight menopausal women with xerostomia received Jaeumganghwa-tang for 12 weeks, with salivary flow rate, oral dryness VAS, and menopausal quality of life (MENQOL) measured. Unstimulated whole salivary flow rate increased by an average of 0.21 mL/min, with oral dryness VAS decreasing by 58% and MENQOL also significantly improving.

Key Conclusion

Jaeumganghwa-tang is an effective herbal medicine that simultaneously improves xerostomia and overall quality of life in menopausal women.

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RCT ENT Disorders

Effect of Combined Nasal Pharmacopuncture and Acupuncture for Nasal Obstruction in Chronic Rhinitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

김태은, 이준석, 박가현, et al.

Rhinology (2024)

52% NOSE score improvement
88 patients Study population
8 weeks Treatment duration

Combined nasal pharmacopuncture and acupuncture shows effects equivalent to nasal steroids for chronic rhinitis nasal obstruction and is an alternative that can reduce steroid use.

View Source 2024
RCT ENT Disorders

Effect of Combined Nasal Pharmacopuncture and Acupuncture for Nasal Obstruction in Chronic Rhinitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

김태은, 이준석, 박가현, et al. Rhinology (2024)
52% NOSE score improvement
88 patients Study population
8 weeks Treatment duration

Summary

A randomized controlled trial comparing nasal pharmacopuncture (Magnolia-Xanthium extract) plus acupuncture combination group versus nasal steroid alone group in 88 patients with nasal obstruction due to chronic rhinitis. After 8 weeks, NOSE (Nasal Obstruction Assessment) scores significantly improved in the combination group, with equivalent rhinomanometry results.

Key Conclusion

Combined nasal pharmacopuncture and acupuncture shows effects equivalent to nasal steroids for chronic rhinitis nasal obstruction and is an alternative that can reduce steroid use.

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Before-After ENT Disorders

Korean Medicine Combination Treatment for Residual Symptoms After Chronic Sinusitis Surgery: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

이건호, 김미소, 조원빈, et al.

한방안이비인후피부과학회지 (2023)

44% SNOT-22 improvement rate
36 patients Study population
8 weeks Treatment duration

Korean medicine combination treatment is effective for managing residual symptoms after sinus surgery and may contribute to reducing reoperation rates.

View Source 2023
Before-After ENT Disorders

Korean Medicine Combination Treatment for Residual Symptoms After Chronic Sinusitis Surgery: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

이건호, 김미소, 조원빈, et al. 한방안이비인후피부과학회지 (2023)
44% SNOT-22 improvement rate
36 patients Study population
8 weeks Treatment duration

Summary

A pre-post comparison study performing 8 weeks of herbal medicine (modified Hyeonggaeyeongyo-tang), acupuncture, and nasal fumigation in 36 patients with residual symptoms persisting more than 6 months after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). SNOT-22 scores improved by an average of 44%, with reduced mucosal edema and discharge on nasal endoscopy.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine combination treatment is effective for managing residual symptoms after sinus surgery and may contribute to reducing reoperation rates.

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Cross-Sectional ENT Disorders

Immediate Analgesic Effect of Auricular Acupuncture and Acupressure for Otalgia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Suh JW, Bae GT, Nam HJ, et al.

Journal of Pain Research (2024)

56% VAS Reduction Rate
30 min Onset of Effect
94 subjects Participants

Auricular acupuncture and acupressure are effective non-pharmacological interventions for rapid analgesia in acute otalgia.

View Source 2024
Cross-Sectional ENT Disorders

Immediate Analgesic Effect of Auricular Acupuncture and Acupressure for Otalgia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Suh JW, Bae GT, Nam HJ, et al. Journal of Pain Research (2024)
56% VAS Reduction Rate
30 min Onset of Effect
94 subjects Participants

Summary

Ninety-four patients with acute otalgia received auricular acupuncture (Ear Gate, External Ear) and acupressure at Yifeng (TE17) and Ermen (TE21), with VAS changes measured 30 minutes post-treatment. VAS decreased by an average of 3.8 points (56%) within 30 minutes of treatment, with analgesic effects maintained at 1 hour.

Key Conclusion

Auricular acupuncture and acupressure are effective non-pharmacological interventions for rapid analgesia in acute otalgia.

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