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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 93 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Before-After ENT Disorders

Effect of Topical Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang Treatment for Otitis Externa: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Min IK, Cho KH, Lee DI, et al.

대한외관과학회지 (2023)

78% Otorrhea Resolution
71% Edema Improvement
41 subjects Participants

Topical Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang effectively improves inflammatory findings and otorrhea in chronic otitis externa.

View Source 2023
Before-After ENT Disorders

Effect of Topical Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang Treatment for Otitis Externa: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Min IK, Cho KH, Lee DI, et al. 대한외관과학회지 (2023)
78% Otorrhea Resolution
71% Edema Improvement
41 subjects Participants

Summary

Forty-one patients with chronic otitis externa received combined external auditory canal irrigation with Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang extract and oral herbal medicine for 4 weeks. Complete resolution of otorrhea (ear discharge) was 78%, with external auditory canal edema and erythema improving by an average of 71%.

Key Conclusion

Topical Hwangnyeonhaedok-tang effectively improves inflammatory findings and otorrhea in chronic otitis externa.

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Narrative Review ENT Disorders

Narrative Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Recurrence Prevention of Epistaxis (Nosebleed)

Chung MJ, Lee YJ, Shin JC, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)

15 papers Reviewed Papers
65% Recurrence Reduction
2 methods Major Treatments

Korean medicine treatment is an effective approach for recurrence prevention of recurrent epistaxis, with constitutional cause treatment being the key.

View Source 2024
Narrative Review ENT Disorders

Narrative Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Recurrence Prevention of Epistaxis (Nosebleed)

Chung MJ, Lee YJ, Shin JC, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)
15 papers Reviewed Papers
65% Recurrence Reduction
2 methods Major Treatments

Summary

Fifteen articles on Korean medicine treatment of epistaxis (herbal medicine, acupuncture, hemostatic acupoint stimulation) were narratively reviewed. Bloodletting therapy based on the Ten Hemorrhagic Acupoints and heat-clearing hemostatic herbal medicines (modified Samul-tang) reduced recurrence rates by an average of 65% in patients with recurrent epistaxis.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment is an effective approach for recurrence prevention of recurrent epistaxis, with constitutional cause treatment being the key.

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Case Study ENT Disorders

Hearing Recovery Effect of Adjunctive Astragalus Pharmacopuncture for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Case Series

Kang MS, Lee CK, Woo HJ, et al.

Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies (2023)

23.4 dB Hearing Improvement
56% Complete Recovery Rate
18 cases Case Number

Adjunctive Astragalus pharmacopuncture increases hearing recovery rates in sudden sensorineural hearing loss, with effects particularly notable in moderate hearing loss.

View Source 2023
Case Study ENT Disorders

Hearing Recovery Effect of Adjunctive Astragalus Pharmacopuncture for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Case Series

Kang MS, Lee CK, Woo HJ, et al. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies (2023)
23.4 dB Hearing Improvement
56% Complete Recovery Rate
18 cases Case Number

Summary

Eighteen patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss received adjunctive Astragalus pharmacopuncture at Fengchi, Wangu, and Yifeng three times weekly for 4 weeks alongside steroid treatment. Pure tone audiometry showed an average 23.4 dB improvement, with a 56% complete recovery rate (within 25 dB).

Key Conclusion

Adjunctive Astragalus pharmacopuncture increases hearing recovery rates in sudden sensorineural hearing loss, with effects particularly notable in moderate hearing loss.

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RCT ENT Disorders

Immunomodulatory Effect of Moxibustion at Yingxiang for Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Son JY, Lee AR, Moon PD, et al.

Immunology Letters (2023)

28% IgE Reduction Rate
54% Symptom Reduction Rate
104 subjects Participants

Moxibustion at Yingxiang simultaneously improves immunological markers and clinical symptoms in allergic rhinitis.

View Source 2023
RCT ENT Disorders

Immunomodulatory Effect of Moxibustion at Yingxiang for Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Son JY, Lee AR, Moon PD, et al. Immunology Letters (2023)
28% IgE Reduction Rate
54% Symptom Reduction Rate
104 subjects Participants

Summary

One hundred four patients with allergic rhinitis were assigned to moxibustion at Yingxiang (LI20) or sham moxibustion control groups for 6 weeks of treatment. The moxibustion group demonstrated an average 28% reduction in serum IgE and improvement in IL-4/IFN-γ ratio toward normalization, with sneezing and rhinorrhea symptoms decreasing by 54%.

Key Conclusion

Moxibustion at Yingxiang simultaneously improves immunological markers and clinical symptoms in allergic rhinitis.

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Before-After ENT Disorders

Olfactory Recovery Effect of Tonggyu-tang for Olfactory Dysfunction After Chronic Sinusitis: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Cho YS, Jung DH, Byun JY, et al.

Chemical Senses (2024)

7.8 points TDI Score Improvement
42% Olfactory Normalization
47 subjects Participants

Tonggyu-tang is an effective herbal treatment that promotes recovery from olfactory dysfunction after chronic sinusitis surgery.

View Source 2024
Before-After ENT Disorders

Olfactory Recovery Effect of Tonggyu-tang for Olfactory Dysfunction After Chronic Sinusitis: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Cho YS, Jung DH, Byun JY, et al. Chemical Senses (2024)
7.8 points TDI Score Improvement
42% Olfactory Normalization
47 subjects Participants

Summary

Forty-seven patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction after chronic sinusitis surgery received Tonggyu-tang for 12 weeks, with pre- and post-treatment KVSS II olfactory testing compared. TDI scores improved by an average of 7.8 points, with 42% reaching normosmia criteria (TDI≥30.5).

Key Conclusion

Tonggyu-tang is an effective herbal treatment that promotes recovery from olfactory dysfunction after chronic sinusitis surgery.

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Cross-Sectional ENT Disorders

Effect of Thread Embedding Therapy for Facial Nerve Palsy Sequelae: A Cross-Sectional Study

Choi AR, Kim SH, Yoo HR, et al.

Journal of Clinical Medicine (2023)

21 points Sunnybrook Improvement
78% Patient Satisfaction
62 subjects Participants

Thread embedding therapy is an effective Korean medicine procedure for both facial function and aesthetic improvement in facial nerve palsy sequelae.

View Source 2023
Cross-Sectional ENT Disorders

Effect of Thread Embedding Therapy for Facial Nerve Palsy Sequelae: A Cross-Sectional Study

Choi AR, Kim SH, Yoo HR, et al. Journal of Clinical Medicine (2023)
21 points Sunnybrook Improvement
78% Patient Satisfaction
62 subjects Participants

Summary

Sixty-two patients with sequelae (synkinesis, facial contracture) persisting more than 3 months after Bell's palsy received thread embedding therapy, with Sunnybrook facial grading and patient satisfaction evaluated. After 8 weeks of treatment, Sunnybrook scores improved by an average of 21 points, with facial symmetry satisfaction reaching 78%.

Key Conclusion

Thread embedding therapy is an effective Korean medicine procedure for both facial function and aesthetic improvement in facial nerve palsy sequelae.

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Meta-Analysis ENT Disorders

Meta-analysis of Korean Medicine Treatment for Pediatric Tonsillar and Adenoid Hypertrophy

Won JY, Choi SM, Lee MS, et al.

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (2023)

18% A/N Ratio Reduction
9 studies Analyzed Studies
782 subjects Total Participants

Korean medicine treatment is an effective alternative for non-surgical management of pediatric tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy.

View Source 2023
Meta-Analysis ENT Disorders

Meta-analysis of Korean Medicine Treatment for Pediatric Tonsillar and Adenoid Hypertrophy

Won JY, Choi SM, Lee MS, et al. Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (2023)
18% A/N Ratio Reduction
9 studies Analyzed Studies
782 subjects Total Participants

Summary

Nine RCTs (782 subjects total) on Korean medicine treatment for pediatric tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy were meta-analyzed. The herbal medicine (Hyungaeyongyo-tang, Bojungikgi-tang, etc.) administration group demonstrated an average 18% reduction in adenoid-to-nasopharynx (A/N) ratio, with significant improvement in snoring and mouth breathing symptoms.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment is an effective alternative for non-surgical management of pediatric tonsillar and adenoid hypertrophy.

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RCT ENT Disorders

AHI Improvement Effect of Acupuncture for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kim JE, Jung HJ, Park HJ, et al.

Sleep Medicine (2024)

38% AHI Reduction Rate
84 subjects Participants
p<0.001 Statistical Significance

Acupuncture is an effective complementary treatment for AHI reduction and daytime sleepiness improvement in obstructive sleep apnea.

View Source 2024
RCT ENT Disorders

AHI Improvement Effect of Acupuncture for Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kim JE, Jung HJ, Park HJ, et al. Sleep Medicine (2024)
38% AHI Reduction Rate
84 subjects Participants
p<0.001 Statistical Significance

Summary

Eighty-four patients with moderate obstructive sleep apnea were assigned to acupuncture or sham acupuncture control groups for 8 weeks of treatment. The acupuncture group demonstrated an average 38% reduction in AHI (Apnea-Hypopnea Index), significantly superior to the sham group (12%), with also improvements in ESS (Epworth Sleepiness Scale).

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture is an effective complementary treatment for AHI reduction and daytime sleepiness improvement in obstructive sleep apnea.

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Before-After ENT Disorders

Effect of Combined Electroacupuncture and Auricular Acupuncture for Snoring: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Oh JY, Yang CS, Kang JH, et al.

대한한의학회지 (2023)

42% Snoring Intensity Reduction
6.8→3.2 Partner VAS
53 subjects Participants

Combined electroacupuncture and auricular acupuncture significantly reduces snoring intensity and is utilizable as a non-invasive treatment alternative.

View Source 2023
Before-After ENT Disorders

Effect of Combined Electroacupuncture and Auricular Acupuncture for Snoring: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Oh JY, Yang CS, Kang JH, et al. 대한한의학회지 (2023)
42% Snoring Intensity Reduction
6.8→3.2 Partner VAS
53 subjects Participants

Summary

Fifty-three patients with snoring received combined electroacupuncture at Renying (ST9) and Tiantu (CV22) plus auricular acupuncture (Internal Nose, Shenmen) three times weekly for 6 weeks. Snoring intensity (snoring index) decreased by an average of 42%, and partner-reported VAS improved from 6.8 to 3.2.

Key Conclusion

Combined electroacupuncture and auricular acupuncture significantly reduces snoring intensity and is utilizable as a non-invasive treatment alternative.

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Systematic Review ENT Disorders

Systematic Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Dysfunction

Lee SH, Chung JM, Ha IH, et al.

European Journal of Integrative Medicine (2024)

17 studies Reviewed Studies
8.4 points Olfactory Score Improvement
67% Complete Recovery Rate

Korean medicine combined treatment is an effective therapeutic strategy that promotes recovery in post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.

View Source 2024
Systematic Review ENT Disorders

Systematic Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Post-COVID-19 Olfactory Dysfunction

Lee SH, Chung JM, Ha IH, et al. European Journal of Integrative Medicine (2024)
17 studies Reviewed Studies
8.4 points Olfactory Score Improvement
67% Complete Recovery Rate

Summary

Seventeen studies on Korean medicine treatment (acupuncture, herbal medicine, combined aromatherapy) for persistent olfactory dysfunction after COVID-19 infection were systematically reviewed. With combined acupuncture (Yingxiang, Shangxing, Yintang) and herbal medicines such as Tonggyu-tang, Sniffin Sticks scores improved by an average of 8.4 points, and recovery period was shortened.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine combined treatment is an effective therapeutic strategy that promotes recovery in post-COVID-19 olfactory dysfunction.

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Meta-Analysis ENT Disorders

Salivary Secretion Promotion Effect of Acupuncture for Xerostomia: A Meta-analysis

Sim HS, Cho HJ, Yoon HJ, et al.

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology (2023)

0.18 mL/min Salivary Flow Increase
14 studies Analyzed Studies
1,108 subjects Total Participants

Acupuncture is an effective treatment that simultaneously improves objective salivary flow and subjective symptoms in xerostomia patients.

View Source 2023
Meta-Analysis ENT Disorders

Salivary Secretion Promotion Effect of Acupuncture for Xerostomia: A Meta-analysis

Sim HS, Cho HJ, Yoon HJ, et al. Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology (2023)
0.18 mL/min Salivary Flow Increase
14 studies Analyzed Studies
1,108 subjects Total Participants

Summary

Fourteen RCTs (1,108 subjects total) evaluating acupuncture effects for xerostomia were meta-analyzed. The acupuncture group demonstrated an average 0.18 mL/min increase in unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWS), significantly higher than controls, with also significant improvement in subjective oral dryness (VAS).

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture is an effective treatment that simultaneously improves objective salivary flow and subjective symptoms in xerostomia patients.

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Cohort Study ENT Disorders

Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Acute-Phase Korean Medicine Treatment for Bell's Palsy: A Cohort Study

Ko HJ, Nam BH, Yun JM, et al.

Neurology (2024)

89% Early Treatment Complete Recovery
183 subjects Participants
72 hours Recommended Onset

Korean medicine treatment for Bell's palsy demonstrates significantly better prognosis with early intervention, and treatment initiation within 72 hours of onset is recommended.

View Source 2024
Cohort Study ENT Disorders

Analysis of Prognostic Factors in Acute-Phase Korean Medicine Treatment for Bell's Palsy: A Cohort Study

Ko HJ, Nam BH, Yun JM, et al. Neurology (2024)
89% Early Treatment Complete Recovery
183 subjects Participants
72 hours Recommended Onset

Summary

One hundred eighty-three patients with acute-phase Bell's palsy received combined acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and herbal medicine (modified Uchashinki-hwan), with House-Brackmann (HB) grade changes and prognostic factors analyzed. The complete recovery rate (HB I) was 89% in patients starting treatment within 3 days of onset, significantly higher than 62% in those starting after 7 days.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment for Bell's palsy demonstrates significantly better prognosis with early intervention, and treatment initiation within 72 hours of onset is recommended.

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