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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 35 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Analysis of Inflammatory Mediator Changes in Synovial Fluid Before and After Gwanjeoldan Administration

Woo CH, Lee SH, Kim JB, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)

38.5% IL-1β Reduction Rate
32 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan effectively suppresses inflammatory mediators in synovial fluid, demonstrating cartilage protective effects.

View Source 2022
Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Analysis of Inflammatory Mediator Changes in Synovial Fluid Before and After Gwanjeoldan Administration

Woo CH, Lee SH, Kim JB, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)
38.5% IL-1β Reduction Rate
32 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Synovial fluid was collected before and after Gwanjeoldan administration in 32 knee osteoarthritis patients to compare IL-1β, MMP-3, and COMP levels. All inflammatory mediator levels significantly decreased 8 weeks after administration.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan effectively suppresses inflammatory mediators in synovial fluid, demonstrating cartilage protective effects.

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Meta-Analysis Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Meta-analysis of Korean Medicine Treatment for Polyarticular Pain in Elderly Patients

Son CG, Cho SY, Baek YH, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2020)

65.8% Pain Improvement Rate
1542 subjects Total Participants
18 papers Analyzed Papers

Korean medicine treatment is a safe and effective treatment option for elderly patients with polyarticular pain.

View Source 2020
Meta-Analysis Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Meta-analysis of Korean Medicine Treatment for Polyarticular Pain in Elderly Patients

Son CG, Cho SY, Baek YH, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2020)
65.8% Pain Improvement Rate
1542 subjects Total Participants
18 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Eighteen herbal medicine treatment effect studies (1,542 subjects total) for polyarticular pain in patients aged 65 or older were meta-analyzed. The herbal treatment group showed significant improvements in pain VAS, joint function, and quality of life.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment is a safe and effective treatment option for elderly patients with polyarticular pain.

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Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Gait Analysis-Based Effect Evaluation of Gwanjeoldan for Osteoarthritis Patients: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Eom TK, Jung HJ, Kim MR, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2023)

18.5% Walking Speed Improvement
40 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan is objectively effective in walking function improvement in osteoarthritis patients.

View Source 2023
Before-After Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Gait Analysis-Based Effect Evaluation of Gwanjeoldan for Osteoarthritis Patients: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Eom TK, Jung HJ, Kim MR, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2023)
18.5% Walking Speed Improvement
40 subjects Participants
12 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Forty patients with knee osteoarthritis received Gwanjeoldan for 12 weeks, with gait pattern changes evaluated using 3D gait analysis equipment. After treatment, significant improvements were observed in walking speed, stride length, and knee flexion angle.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan is objectively effective in walking function improvement in osteoarthritis patients.

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Systematic Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Systematic Review of Chuna Manipulation Effects in Joint Diseases

Han SY, Moon SK, Jung WS, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021)

72.4% Pain Improvement Rate
1968 subjects Total Participants
24 papers Analyzed Papers

Chuna manipulation is an effective Korean medicine manual therapy for pain management and functional recovery in joint diseases.

View Source 2021
Systematic Review Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Systematic Review of Chuna Manipulation Effects in Joint Diseases

Han SY, Moon SK, Jung WS, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2021)
72.4% Pain Improvement Rate
1968 subjects Total Participants
24 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Twenty-four clinical trials (1,968 subjects total) were systematically analyzed to evaluate chuna manipulation effects in joint diseases. The chuna treatment group showed significant improvements in joint pain, range of motion, and functional scores.

Key Conclusion

Chuna manipulation is an effective Korean medicine manual therapy for pain management and functional recovery in joint diseases.

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RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

MRI-Based Cartilage Thickness Change Evaluation of Gwanjeoldan in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Heo DS, Ahn YC, Nam SS, et al.

Phytomedicine (2024)

Cartilage Preservation MRI Findings
76 subjects Participants
24 weeks Treatment Period

Gwanjeoldan inhibits cartilage degeneration at a structural level in knee osteoarthritis patients.

View Source 2024
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

MRI-Based Cartilage Thickness Change Evaluation of Gwanjeoldan in Knee Osteoarthritis Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Heo DS, Ahn YC, Nam SS, et al. Phytomedicine (2024)
Cartilage Preservation MRI Findings
76 subjects Participants
24 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Seventy-six knee osteoarthritis patients were divided into Gwanjeoldan (38) and placebo (38) groups, with cartilage thickness measured by MRI after 24 weeks of treatment. Cartilage thickness reduction was significantly inhibited in the Gwanjeoldan group.

Key Conclusion

Gwanjeoldan inhibits cartilage degeneration at a structural level in knee osteoarthritis patients.

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Cross-Sectional Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Korean Medicine Treatment Satisfaction and Healthcare Utilization Patterns in Arthritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Go HY, Kim SJ, Baik TH, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2020)

4.1/5 Patient Satisfaction
380 subjects Participants
Herbal+Acupuncture Most Preferred Treatment

High Korean medicine treatment satisfaction in arthritis patients was confirmed, with preference for combined treatment.

View Source 2020
Cross-Sectional Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Korean Medicine Treatment Satisfaction and Healthcare Utilization Patterns in Arthritis Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

Go HY, Kim SJ, Baik TH, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2020)
4.1/5 Patient Satisfaction
380 subjects Participants
Herbal+Acupuncture Most Preferred Treatment

Summary

Three hundred eighty patients visiting Korean medicine clinics for arthritis were surveyed on treatment satisfaction, treatment types, and healthcare utilization patterns. Overall satisfaction was 4.1/5, with the highest satisfaction observed for combined herbal medicine plus acupuncture treatment.

Key Conclusion

High Korean medicine treatment satisfaction in arthritis patients was confirmed, with preference for combined treatment.

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Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Gwanjeoldan and Shoulder Exercise for Shoulder Joint Pain: A Cohort Study

Lim JA, Kim KW, Song MY, et al.

Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2022)

78.2% Combination Group Improvement
105 subjects Participants
12 weeks Follow-up Period

Combined Gwanjeoldan and shoulder exercise promotes functional recovery in shoulder joint pain patients.

View Source 2022
Cohort Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Gwanjeoldan and Shoulder Exercise for Shoulder Joint Pain: A Cohort Study

Lim JA, Kim KW, Song MY, et al. Complementary Therapies in Medicine (2022)
78.2% Combination Group Improvement
105 subjects Participants
12 weeks Follow-up Period

Summary

Among shoulder joint pain patients, the Gwanjeoldan plus exercise group (55) and exercise monotherapy group (50) were followed for 12 weeks. The combination group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in shoulder ROM, VAS, and SPADI scores.

Key Conclusion

Combined Gwanjeoldan and shoulder exercise promotes functional recovery in shoulder joint pain patients.

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Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Pain Suppression Mechanism of Gwanjeoldan in Osteoarthritis: NF-κB Pathway Modulation Study

Chae BY, Lim SC, Yoon HJ, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)

NF-κB Inhibition Major Mechanism
COX-2 Reduction Adjunctive Mechanism
in vitro/vivo Study Model

The anti-inflammatory effect of Gwanjeoldan is mediated by NF-κB pathway inhibition, providing scientific evidence for osteoarthritis treatment.

View Source 2023
Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Pain Suppression Mechanism of Gwanjeoldan in Osteoarthritis: NF-κB Pathway Modulation Study

Chae BY, Lim SC, Yoon HJ, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2023)
NF-κB Inhibition Major Mechanism
COX-2 Reduction Adjunctive Mechanism
in vitro/vivo Study Model

Summary

NF-κB signaling pathway inhibition effects of Gwanjeoldan extract were evaluated in vitro and animal models. Gwanjeoldan inhibited NF-κB activation and reduced iNOS and COX-2 expression, demonstrating anti-inflammatory effects.

Key Conclusion

The anti-inflammatory effect of Gwanjeoldan is mediated by NF-κB pathway inhibition, providing scientific evidence for osteoarthritis treatment.

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RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Herbal Medicine Rehabilitation Treatment After Knee Replacement Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Noh JH, Kim KS, Won JY, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

5.8 days ROM Recovery Reduction
90 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Combined herbal medicine rehabilitation is effective for early recovery after knee replacement surgery.

View Source 2024
RCT Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Herbal Medicine Rehabilitation Treatment After Knee Replacement Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Noh JH, Kim KS, Won JY, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
5.8 days ROM Recovery Reduction
90 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Ninety patients after knee replacement surgery were divided into herbal medicine plus rehabilitation (45) and rehabilitation monotherapy (45) groups for 8 weeks of treatment. Joint range of motion recovery, pain reduction, and edema resolution were significantly faster in the herbal combination group.

Key Conclusion

Combined herbal medicine rehabilitation is effective for early recovery after knee replacement surgery.

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Meta-Analysis Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Deer Antler and Achyranthes Extract for Joint Health: A Meta-analysis

Jung IC, Lee SR, Kim AR, et al.

Phytomedicine (2022)

66.8% Symptom Improvement Rate
948 subjects Total Participants
12 papers Analyzed Papers

Combined deer antler and Achyranthes extract is effective in maintaining joint health and alleviating arthritis symptoms.

View Source 2022
Meta-Analysis Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Effect of Combined Deer Antler and Achyranthes Extract for Joint Health: A Meta-analysis

Jung IC, Lee SR, Kim AR, et al. Phytomedicine (2022)
66.8% Symptom Improvement Rate
948 subjects Total Participants
12 papers Analyzed Papers

Summary

Twelve clinical trials (948 subjects total) evaluating joint health effects of combined deer antler and Achyranthes extract were meta-analyzed. The combined extract group showed significant improvements in joint pain, stiffness, and functional scores.

Key Conclusion

Combined deer antler and Achyranthes extract is effective in maintaining joint health and alleviating arthritis symptoms.

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Cross-Sectional Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Osteoarthritis: Based on Health Insurance Data

Jo JY, Hwang EH, Son CG, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2025)

19.4% Cost Reduction Rate
20,625 subjects Analyzed
6 years Analysis Period

Herbal medicine treatment is cost-effective in osteoarthritis and may reduce analgesic dependence.

View Source 2025
Cross-Sectional Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Osteoarthritis: Based on Health Insurance Data

Jo JY, Hwang EH, Son CG, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2025)
19.4% Cost Reduction Rate
20,625 subjects Analyzed
6 years Analysis Period

Summary

Health insurance claims data from 2019-2024 were used to compare medical costs and analgesic usage between herbal treatment (8,245) and conventional medication (12,380) groups in osteoarthritis patients. Annual total medical costs and analgesic prescription frequency were significantly lower in the herbal treatment group.

Key Conclusion

Herbal medicine treatment is cost-effective in osteoarthritis and may reduce analgesic dependence.

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Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Case Report of Combined Gwanjeoldan and Wrist Brace Application in Wrist Arthritis Patients

Min WK, Song JH, Yun YJ, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2021)

62.5% Pain Reduction Rate
10 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Combined Gwanjeoldan and wrist brace helps functional recovery in wrist arthritis patients.

View Source 2021
Case Study Gwanjeoldan (關節丹)

Case Report of Combined Gwanjeoldan and Wrist Brace Application in Wrist Arthritis Patients

Min WK, Song JH, Yun YJ, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2021)
62.5% Pain Reduction Rate
10 subjects Participants
8 weeks Treatment Period

Summary

Ten patients with wrist arthritis received combined Gwanjeoldan administration and wrist brace application for 8 weeks. Significant improvements were observed in grip strength, wrist ROM, and pain VAS after treatment.

Key Conclusion

Combined Gwanjeoldan and wrist brace helps functional recovery in wrist arthritis patients.

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