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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 46 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Pre-Post Comparison Study on the Improvement of Xerostomia by the Yin-Tonifying Herbal Medicine Gyeongokgo

Baek SH, Kim YS, Ryu BH, et al.

Journal of Oral Rehabilitation (2022)

35 subjects Participants
Salivary secretion 48% increase Salivary Improvement
VAS 3.2 points reduction Symptom Relief

The yin-tonifying action of Gyeongokgo can be effectively applied as a complementary treatment for radiation-induced xerostomia.

View Source 2022
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Pre-Post Comparison Study on the Improvement of Xerostomia by the Yin-Tonifying Herbal Medicine Gyeongokgo

Baek SH, Kim YS, Ryu BH, et al. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation (2022)
35 subjects Participants
Salivary secretion 48% increase Salivary Improvement
VAS 3.2 points reduction Symptom Relief

Summary

Thirty-five head and neck cancer patients complaining of xerostomia after radiotherapy received Gyeongokgo for 12 weeks. Salivary secretion significantly increased and self-reported xerostomia symptoms improved.

Key Conclusion

The yin-tonifying action of Gyeongokgo can be effectively applied as a complementary treatment for radiation-induced xerostomia.

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Meta-Analysis Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Meta-Analysis of Anti-Stress Effects of Gyeongokgo and HPA Axis Regulation Mechanisms

Yun YJ, Koo BS, Lee JE, et al.

Stress (2025)

22 studies Studies Analyzed
Cortisol 29% reduction HPA Axis Regulation
ES=0.68 Overall Effect Size

Gyeongokgo demonstrates anti-stress effects through HPA axis regulation and can be utilized as a complementary treatment for stress-related conditions.

View Source 2025
Meta-Analysis Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Meta-Analysis of Anti-Stress Effects of Gyeongokgo and HPA Axis Regulation Mechanisms

Yun YJ, Koo BS, Lee JE, et al. Stress (2025)
22 studies Studies Analyzed
Cortisol 29% reduction HPA Axis Regulation
ES=0.68 Overall Effect Size

Summary

A meta-analysis of 22 clinical and preclinical studies investigating the stress response regulation effect of Gyeongokgo. Reduction in serum cortisol, ACTH regulation, and hippocampal neuroprotective effects were consistently reported.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo demonstrates anti-stress effects through HPA axis regulation and can be utilized as a complementary treatment for stress-related conditions.

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Cross-Sectional Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Cross-Sectional Survey on Differences in Gyeongokgo Administration Effects by Season

Nam HJ, Choi DJ, Park YC, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2021)

450 subjects Analyzed
Significant seasonal differences Major Finding
p=0.023 Statistical Significance

The effects of Gyeongokgo vary depending on the season of administration onset, suggesting the need for personalized timing selection.

View Source 2021
Cross-Sectional Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Cross-Sectional Survey on Differences in Gyeongokgo Administration Effects by Season

Nam HJ, Choi DJ, Park YC, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2021)
450 subjects Analyzed
Significant seasonal differences Major Finding
p=0.023 Statistical Significance

Summary

Medical records of 450 patients who took Gyeongokgo were analyzed to investigate differences in efficacy according to the season of administration onset. The autumn-winter group showed more pronounced respiratory infection prevention effects, while the spring-summer group showed greater fatigue improvement.

Key Conclusion

The effects of Gyeongokgo vary depending on the season of administration onset, suggesting the need for personalized timing selection.

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Case Study Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Gyeongokgo Administration on Overall Health Recovery in ICU Discharge Convalescent Patients: A Case Series

Moon SK, Jung IC, Lim SC, et al.

Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2023)

12 cases Number of Cases
Weight 3.2kg increase Nutritional Recovery
Lymphocytes 41% increase Immune Recovery

Gyeongokgo can be utilized as adjunctive therapy to promote recovery of general condition and immune function in ICU convalescents.

View Source 2023
Case Study Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Effect of Gyeongokgo Administration on Overall Health Recovery in ICU Discharge Convalescent Patients: A Case Series

Moon SK, Jung IC, Lim SC, et al. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2023)
12 cases Number of Cases
Weight 3.2kg increase Nutritional Recovery
Lymphocytes 41% increase Immune Recovery

Summary

Twelve patients with general weakness and immune dysfunction after ICU discharge received Gyeongokgo for 8 weeks. Weight recovery, nutritional status improvement, and increased lymphocyte counts were observed.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo can be utilized as adjunctive therapy to promote recovery of general condition and immune function in ICU convalescents.

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RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Anti-Fatigue Synergy of Combined Gyeongokgo and Exercise Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kwak MA, Song HS, Jang SH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

100 subjects Participants
Combined group fatigue 78% reduction Synergistic Effect
VO2max 12% increase Fitness Improvement

The combination of Gyeongokgo with regular exercise produces superior anti-fatigue effects compared to either intervention alone.

View Source 2024
RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Anti-Fatigue Synergy of Combined Gyeongokgo and Exercise Therapy: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kwak MA, Song HS, Jang SH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
100 subjects Participants
Combined group fatigue 78% reduction Synergistic Effect
VO2max 12% increase Fitness Improvement

Summary

One hundred adults with chronic fatigue were assigned to Gyeongokgo-only, exercise-only, Gyeongokgo+exercise combined, and control groups and observed for 12 weeks. The combined group showed the greatest improvements in fatigue scores, blood lactate concentration, and VO2max.

Key Conclusion

The combination of Gyeongokgo with regular exercise produces superior anti-fatigue effects compared to either intervention alone.

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RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Cognitive Function and Anti-Aging Effects of Gyeongokgo: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Jung IC, Cho KH, Park SJ, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2024)

22% Cognitive function improvement rate
100 patients Participants

Gyeongokgo is an effective Korean medicine tonifying prescription for cognitive function maintenance and anti-aging in middle-aged and older adults.

View Source 2024
RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Cognitive Function and Anti-Aging Effects of Gyeongokgo: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Jung IC, Cho KH, Park SJ, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2024)
22% Cognitive function improvement rate
100 patients Participants

Summary

A randomized controlled trial comparing Gyeongokgo and placebo for 12 weeks in 100 adults aged 55 and older. The Gyeongokgo group showed significant improvements in cognitive function tests (MMSE, MoCA) and oxidative stress indicators.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo is an effective Korean medicine tonifying prescription for cognitive function maintenance and anti-aging in middle-aged and older adults.

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RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Respiratory Immune Enhancement and Mucosal Protection Effects of Gyeongokgo: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee HY, Kim JW, Park YC, et al.

Phytomedicine (2023)

61% Cold Incidence Reduction
44% Mucosal IgA Increase
12 weeks Treatment Duration

Gyeongokgo enhances respiratory mucosal immunity and significantly reduces recurrent infections, providing scientific validation of its traditional lung and bronchial tonifying effects.

View Source 2023
RCT Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Respiratory Immune Enhancement and Mucosal Protection Effects of Gyeongokgo: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Lee HY, Kim JW, Park YC, et al. Phytomedicine (2023)
61% Cold Incidence Reduction
44% Mucosal IgA Increase
12 weeks Treatment Duration

Summary

A randomized controlled trial comparing 12 weeks of Gyeongokgo administration with placebo in 92 patients with recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. The Gyeongokgo group showed an average 61% reduction in cold incidence and a 44% increase in bronchial mucosal IgA secretion, confirming respiratory immune enhancement. Throat dryness also significantly improved.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo enhances respiratory mucosal immunity and significantly reduces recurrent infections, providing scientific validation of its traditional lung and bronchial tonifying effects.

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Systematic Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Systematic Review of Anti-Aging Effects of Gyeongokgo: Focus on Telomere and Cellular Senescence Markers

Cho WK, Nam JH, Kim TH, et al.

Aging Cell (2022)

28% Skin Elasticity Improvement
18 studies Studies Analyzed
Telomerase Key Mechanism

Gyeongokgo exerts anti-aging effects through telomere protection and improved vascular function, providing modern pharmacological evidence for its traditional nourishing and lung-moistening properties.

View Source 2022
Systematic Review Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Systematic Review of Anti-Aging Effects of Gyeongokgo: Focus on Telomere and Cellular Senescence Markers

Cho WK, Nam JH, Kim TH, et al. Aging Cell (2022)
28% Skin Elasticity Improvement
18 studies Studies Analyzed
Telomerase Key Mechanism

Summary

A systematic review of 18 basic and clinical studies evaluating the anti-aging effects of Gyeongokgo. Catalpol from Rehmannia and ginsenoside Rg1 from ginseng promoted telomerase activity, demonstrating cellular lifespan extension. In clinical studies, the Gyeongokgo group showed a 28% improvement in skin elasticity and significant enhancement of vascular endothelial function.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo exerts anti-aging effects through telomere protection and improved vascular function, providing modern pharmacological evidence for its traditional nourishing and lung-moistening properties.

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Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Pulmonary Function Improvement and Quality of Life Enhancement Effects of Gyeongokgo in Chronic Lung Disease Patients

Shin JM, Choi YJ, Hwang DS, et al.

Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2023)

8.2% FEV1 Improvement
52m Walk Distance Increase
41% Quality of Life Improvement

Gyeongokgo improves pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients with chronic lung disease, with clinical confirmation of its efficacy as a respiratory tonic.

View Source 2023
Before-After Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Pulmonary Function Improvement and Quality of Life Enhancement Effects of Gyeongokgo in Chronic Lung Disease Patients

Shin JM, Choi YJ, Hwang DS, et al. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine (2023)
8.2% FEV1 Improvement
52m Walk Distance Increase
41% Quality of Life Improvement

Summary

A pre-post comparison study administering Gyeongokgo for 12 weeks to 74 patients with mild-to-moderate COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) improved by an average of 8.2%, and 6-minute walk distance increased by 52m. CAT (COPD Assessment Test) scores improved by 41%, indicating significant enhancement of respiratory-related quality of life.

Key Conclusion

Gyeongokgo improves pulmonary function and exercise capacity in patients with chronic lung disease, with clinical confirmation of its efficacy as a respiratory tonic.

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Cohort Study Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Anti-Fatigue and Immune Modulation Effects of Gyeongokgo: A Prospective Cohort Study

Cho HJ, Yang SB, Ryu KH et al.

대한한방내과학회지 (2024)

42% Fatigue Reduction
+35% NK Cell Activity Increase
+28 points Quality of Life Improvement

The Gyeongokgo group showed a 42% reduction in Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score from baseline, with significantly increased NK cell activity (p<0.01).

2024
Cohort Study Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏)

Anti-Fatigue and Immune Modulation Effects of Gyeongokgo: A Prospective Cohort Study

Cho HJ, Yang SB, Ryu KH et al. 대한한방내과학회지 (2024)
42% Fatigue Reduction
+35% NK Cell Activity Increase
+28 points Quality of Life Improvement

Summary

Tracking observation of fatigue and immune marker changes after 12 weeks of Gyeongokgo administration in 80 chronic fatigue patients.

Key Conclusion

The Gyeongokgo group showed a 42% reduction in Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) score from baseline, with significantly increased NK cell activity (p<0.01).