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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 53 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
RCT Knee Pain

Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Pharmacopuncture and Acupuncture Treatment for Knee Bursitis

Han CH, Kim JI, Chung SY, et al.

Pain Medicine (2025)

77% Edema Reduction Rate
68 subjects Participants

The combination of pharmacopuncture and acupuncture treatment enhances treatment effects for knee bursitis.

View Source 2025
RCT Knee Pain

Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Pharmacopuncture and Acupuncture Treatment for Knee Bursitis

Han CH, Kim JI, Chung SY, et al. Pain Medicine (2025)
77% Edema Reduction Rate
68 subjects Participants

Summary

Sixty-eight patients with knee bursitis were assigned to pharmacopuncture + acupuncture treatment and acupuncture treatment alone groups and treated for 6 weeks. Joint edema reduction and walking pain improvement were significantly superior in the combination group.

Key Conclusion

The combination of pharmacopuncture and acupuncture treatment enhances treatment effects for knee bursitis.

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Cross-Sectional Knee Pain

Korean Medicine Pattern Classification and Acupuncture Treatment Response Prediction in Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Yun JM, Kim SY, Ahn CB, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2023)

52% Wind-Cold-Damp Pattern Proportion
234 subjects Participants

Korean medicine pattern types can be predictive factors of acupuncture treatment response and can be utilized in personalized treatment.

View Source 2023
Cross-Sectional Knee Pain

Korean Medicine Pattern Classification and Acupuncture Treatment Response Prediction in Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Yun JM, Kim SY, Ahn CB, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2023)
52% Wind-Cold-Damp Pattern Proportion
234 subjects Participants

Summary

Korean medicine pattern types were classified in 234 patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis, and acupuncture treatment responses were analyzed by each type. Wind-cold-damp obstruction pattern was most common at 52%, and acupuncture treatment response was best in the blood stasis pattern.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine pattern types can be predictive factors of acupuncture treatment response and can be utilized in personalized treatment.

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Case Study Knee Pain

Effect of Needle-Knife Therapy for Meniscal Injury: A Case Report

Kim KW, Cho HJ, Yang SB, et al.

Acupuncture in Medicine (2020)

100% Locking Resolution Rate
3 subjects Participants

Needle-knife therapy is a promising treatment for improving mechanical symptoms of meniscal injuries.

View Source 2020
Case Study Knee Pain

Effect of Needle-Knife Therapy for Meniscal Injury: A Case Report

Kim KW, Cho HJ, Yang SB, et al. Acupuncture in Medicine (2020)
100% Locking Resolution Rate
3 subjects Participants

Summary

A case report describing ultrasound-guided needle-knife therapy in 3 patients with horizontal tear of the medial meniscus. After treatment, locking symptoms disappeared in all patients, with no recurrence at 6-month follow-up.

Key Conclusion

Needle-knife therapy is a promising treatment for improving mechanical symptoms of meniscal injuries.

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RCT Knee Pain

Large-Scale Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Herbal Medicine and Acupuncture Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Lee SG, Leem JT, Kim TH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)

84% Pain Reduction Rate
280 subjects Participants

The combination of herbal medicine and acupuncture shows superior effects to each single treatment in degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

View Source 2023
RCT Knee Pain

Large-Scale Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Herbal Medicine and Acupuncture Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Lee SG, Leem JT, Kim TH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)
84% Pain Reduction Rate
280 subjects Participants

Summary

Two hundred eighty patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis were assigned to herbal medicine + acupuncture combined treatment, acupuncture alone, and waiting list control groups and treated for 16 weeks. WOMAC scores and walking speed improvements were the best in the combined treatment group.

Key Conclusion

The combination of herbal medicine and acupuncture shows superior effects to each single treatment in degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

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Before-After Knee Pain

Anti-Inflammatory and Tissue Recovery Effects of Pharmacopuncture Treatment in Knee Ligament Injury Patients

Won RH, Baek KS, Jung HJ, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)

63% CRP Reduction Rate
58 subjects Participants

Pharmacopuncture treatment promotes inflammation control and tissue recovery in knee ligament injury.

View Source 2024
Before-After Knee Pain

Anti-Inflammatory and Tissue Recovery Effects of Pharmacopuncture Treatment in Knee Ligament Injury Patients

Won RH, Baek KS, Jung HJ, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)
63% CRP Reduction Rate
58 subjects Participants

Summary

Placenta pharmacopuncture was administered for 8 weeks to 58 patients with knee medial collateral ligament injury, and joint ultrasound and serum inflammatory markers were tracked. Ligament thickness reduction and CRP normalization were significantly faster in the pharmacopuncture group.

Key Conclusion

Pharmacopuncture treatment promotes inflammation control and tissue recovery in knee ligament injury.

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RCT Knee Pain

Comparison of Acupuncture Treatment and Hyaluronic Acid Injection for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Baek JH, Seo BK, Park YC, et al.

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2025)

Non-inferior vs. Hyaluronic Acid
156 subjects Participants

Acupuncture treatment shows efficacy equivalent to hyaluronic acid injection and can be utilized as a non-invasive alternative.

View Source 2025
RCT Knee Pain

Comparison of Acupuncture Treatment and Hyaluronic Acid Injection for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Baek JH, Seo BK, Park YC, et al. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2025)
Non-inferior vs. Hyaluronic Acid
156 subjects Participants

Summary

One hundred fifty-six patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis (K-L Grade II-III) were randomly assigned to acupuncture treatment and intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection groups and followed for 24 weeks. There was no difference in WOMAC scores between groups at 24 weeks, confirming the non-inferiority of acupuncture treatment.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture treatment shows efficacy equivalent to hyaluronic acid injection and can be utilized as a non-invasive alternative.

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Systematic Review Knee Pain

Systematic Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Chondromalacia Patella

Yoo JE, Lim SM, Ko SJ, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2021)

19 studies Analyzed Studies
Moderate Evidence Level

Evidence for acupuncture and pharmacopuncture for chondromalacia patella is accumulating, but additional research on various Korean medicine interventions is needed.

View Source 2021
Systematic Review Knee Pain

Systematic Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Chondromalacia Patella

Yoo JE, Lim SM, Ko SJ, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2021)
19 studies Analyzed Studies
Moderate Evidence Level

Summary

Nineteen studies published between 2005 and 2021 were analyzed to evaluate the effect of Korean medicine treatment for chondromalacia patella. Evidence for acupuncture and pharmacopuncture was most abundant, while research on chuna therapy was insufficient.

Key Conclusion

Evidence for acupuncture and pharmacopuncture for chondromalacia patella is accumulating, but additional research on various Korean medicine interventions is needed.

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Cohort Study Knee Pain

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Acupuncture Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis: Health Insurance Data-Based

Jang GC, Hong SU, Lee YJ, et al.

Pain Medicine (2023)

23% Medical Cost Reduction
15,420 subjects Participants

Acupuncture treatment is a cost-effective treatment for degenerative knee osteoarthritis and contributes to reducing medical costs.

View Source 2023
Cohort Study Knee Pain

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Acupuncture Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis: Health Insurance Data-Based

Jang GC, Hong SU, Lee YJ, et al. Pain Medicine (2023)
23% Medical Cost Reduction
15,420 subjects Participants

Summary

Using Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data, the cost-effectiveness of acupuncture treatment was analyzed for 15,420 patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis. NSAID prescriptions and surgical conversion rates were significantly lower in the acupuncture treatment group, and total medical costs also decreased.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture treatment is a cost-effective treatment for degenerative knee osteoarthritis and contributes to reducing medical costs.

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Before-After Knee Pain

Effect of Cupping Treatment for Knee Bursitis: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Oh MS, Ahn YJ, Min BW, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)

42% Edema Reduction Rate
42 subjects Participants

Cupping treatment is an effective complementary treatment for managing edema and pain in knee bursitis.

View Source 2022
Before-After Knee Pain

Effect of Cupping Treatment for Knee Bursitis: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Oh MS, Ahn YJ, Min BW, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)
42% Edema Reduction Rate
42 subjects Participants

Summary

Wet cupping treatment was administered for 4 weeks to 42 patients with knee bursitis. After treatment, joint edema decreased by an average of 42%, and pain and walking ability significantly improved.

Key Conclusion

Cupping treatment is an effective complementary treatment for managing edema and pain in knee bursitis.

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Cohort Study Knee Pain

Long-Term Effect of Acupuncture Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

Ha IH, Lee JH, Shin JS, et al.

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2024)

6 months Effect Duration
200 subjects Participants

The effects of acupuncture treatment are sustained long-term after treatment termination, making it suitable for long-term management of degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

View Source 2024
Cohort Study Knee Pain

Long-Term Effect of Acupuncture Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis: A 1-Year Follow-Up Study

Ha IH, Lee JH, Shin JS, et al. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2024)
6 months Effect Duration
200 subjects Participants

Summary

Two hundred patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis received acupuncture treatment for 12 weeks and were followed for 1 year. Pain reduction effects were maintained for 6 months after treatment termination, and significant improvement from baseline was sustained at the 1-year point.

Key Conclusion

The effects of acupuncture treatment are sustained long-term after treatment termination, making it suitable for long-term management of degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

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Before-After Knee Pain

Pre-Post Comparison Study of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Meniscal Injury

Moon SK, Jung WS, Cho KH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

38% MRI Improvement Rate
62 subjects Participants

Herbal medicine treatment can contribute to symptom improvement and tissue recovery in meniscal injuries.

View Source 2024
Before-After Knee Pain

Pre-Post Comparison Study of Herbal Medicine Treatment for Meniscal Injury

Moon SK, Jung WS, Cho KH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
38% MRI Improvement Rate
62 subjects Participants

Summary

Modified Danggwisusan was administered for 12 weeks to 62 patients with meniscal injury, and pre- and post-treatment pain, function, and MRI findings were compared. The KOOS pain subscale improved significantly, and improvement in MRI signal changes was observed in 38% of patients.

Key Conclusion

Herbal medicine treatment can contribute to symptom improvement and tissue recovery in meniscal injuries.

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RCT Knee Pain

Dose-Response Study of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Kwon CY, Kang JW, Lee BH, et al.

Acupuncture in Medicine (2021)

High-dose > low-dose Dose Response
135 subjects Participants

Bee venom pharmacopuncture shows dose-dependent effects, and optimal dose balancing safety and efficacy is needed.

View Source 2021
RCT Knee Pain

Dose-Response Study of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Kwon CY, Kang JW, Lee BH, et al. Acupuncture in Medicine (2021)
High-dose > low-dose Dose Response
135 subjects Participants

Summary

One hundred thirty-five patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis were assigned to low-dose bee venom pharmacopuncture, high-dose, and control groups and treated for 8 weeks. The pain reduction effect was greatest in the high-dose group, but local reaction frequency was also higher, confirming the importance of optimal dose selection.

Key Conclusion

Bee venom pharmacopuncture shows dose-dependent effects, and optimal dose balancing safety and efficacy is needed.

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