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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 53 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Cohort Study Knee Pain

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Acupuncture Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis: Health Insurance Data-Based

Jang GC, Hong SU, Lee YJ, et al.

Pain Medicine (2023)

23% Medical Cost Reduction
15,420 subjects Participants

Acupuncture treatment is a cost-effective treatment for degenerative knee osteoarthritis and contributes to reducing medical costs.

View Source 2023
Cohort Study Knee Pain

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of Acupuncture Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis: Health Insurance Data-Based

Jang GC, Hong SU, Lee YJ, et al. Pain Medicine (2023)
23% Medical Cost Reduction
15,420 subjects Participants

Summary

Using Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service data, the cost-effectiveness of acupuncture treatment was analyzed for 15,420 patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis. NSAID prescriptions and surgical conversion rates were significantly lower in the acupuncture treatment group, and total medical costs also decreased.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture treatment is a cost-effective treatment for degenerative knee osteoarthritis and contributes to reducing medical costs.

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Systematic Review Knee Pain

Systematic Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Chondromalacia Patella

Yoo JE, Lim SM, Ko SJ, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2021)

19 studies Analyzed Studies
Moderate Evidence Level

Evidence for acupuncture and pharmacopuncture for chondromalacia patella is accumulating, but additional research on various Korean medicine interventions is needed.

View Source 2021
Systematic Review Knee Pain

Systematic Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Chondromalacia Patella

Yoo JE, Lim SM, Ko SJ, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2021)
19 studies Analyzed Studies
Moderate Evidence Level

Summary

Nineteen studies published between 2005 and 2021 were analyzed to evaluate the effect of Korean medicine treatment for chondromalacia patella. Evidence for acupuncture and pharmacopuncture was most abundant, while research on chuna therapy was insufficient.

Key Conclusion

Evidence for acupuncture and pharmacopuncture for chondromalacia patella is accumulating, but additional research on various Korean medicine interventions is needed.

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RCT Knee Pain

Comparison of Acupuncture Treatment and Hyaluronic Acid Injection for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Baek JH, Seo BK, Park YC, et al.

Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2025)

Non-inferior vs. Hyaluronic Acid
156 subjects Participants

Acupuncture treatment shows efficacy equivalent to hyaluronic acid injection and can be utilized as a non-invasive alternative.

View Source 2025
RCT Knee Pain

Comparison of Acupuncture Treatment and Hyaluronic Acid Injection for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Baek JH, Seo BK, Park YC, et al. Osteoarthritis and Cartilage (2025)
Non-inferior vs. Hyaluronic Acid
156 subjects Participants

Summary

One hundred fifty-six patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis (K-L Grade II-III) were randomly assigned to acupuncture treatment and intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection groups and followed for 24 weeks. There was no difference in WOMAC scores between groups at 24 weeks, confirming the non-inferiority of acupuncture treatment.

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture treatment shows efficacy equivalent to hyaluronic acid injection and can be utilized as a non-invasive alternative.

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Before-After Knee Pain

Anti-Inflammatory and Tissue Recovery Effects of Pharmacopuncture Treatment in Knee Ligament Injury Patients

Won RH, Baek KS, Jung HJ, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)

63% CRP Reduction Rate
58 subjects Participants

Pharmacopuncture treatment promotes inflammation control and tissue recovery in knee ligament injury.

View Source 2024
Before-After Knee Pain

Anti-Inflammatory and Tissue Recovery Effects of Pharmacopuncture Treatment in Knee Ligament Injury Patients

Won RH, Baek KS, Jung HJ, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)
63% CRP Reduction Rate
58 subjects Participants

Summary

Placenta pharmacopuncture was administered for 8 weeks to 58 patients with knee medial collateral ligament injury, and joint ultrasound and serum inflammatory markers were tracked. Ligament thickness reduction and CRP normalization were significantly faster in the pharmacopuncture group.

Key Conclusion

Pharmacopuncture treatment promotes inflammation control and tissue recovery in knee ligament injury.

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RCT Knee Pain

Large-Scale Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Herbal Medicine and Acupuncture Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Lee SG, Leem JT, Kim TH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)

84% Pain Reduction Rate
280 subjects Participants

The combination of herbal medicine and acupuncture shows superior effects to each single treatment in degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

View Source 2023
RCT Knee Pain

Large-Scale Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Herbal Medicine and Acupuncture Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Lee SG, Leem JT, Kim TH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)
84% Pain Reduction Rate
280 subjects Participants

Summary

Two hundred eighty patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis were assigned to herbal medicine + acupuncture combined treatment, acupuncture alone, and waiting list control groups and treated for 16 weeks. WOMAC scores and walking speed improvements were the best in the combined treatment group.

Key Conclusion

The combination of herbal medicine and acupuncture shows superior effects to each single treatment in degenerative knee osteoarthritis.

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Case Study Knee Pain

Effect of Needle-Knife Therapy for Meniscal Injury: A Case Report

Kim KW, Cho HJ, Yang SB, et al.

Acupuncture in Medicine (2020)

100% Locking Resolution Rate
3 subjects Participants

Needle-knife therapy is a promising treatment for improving mechanical symptoms of meniscal injuries.

View Source 2020
Case Study Knee Pain

Effect of Needle-Knife Therapy for Meniscal Injury: A Case Report

Kim KW, Cho HJ, Yang SB, et al. Acupuncture in Medicine (2020)
100% Locking Resolution Rate
3 subjects Participants

Summary

A case report describing ultrasound-guided needle-knife therapy in 3 patients with horizontal tear of the medial meniscus. After treatment, locking symptoms disappeared in all patients, with no recurrence at 6-month follow-up.

Key Conclusion

Needle-knife therapy is a promising treatment for improving mechanical symptoms of meniscal injuries.

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Cross-Sectional Knee Pain

Korean Medicine Pattern Classification and Acupuncture Treatment Response Prediction in Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Yun JM, Kim SY, Ahn CB, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2023)

52% Wind-Cold-Damp Pattern Proportion
234 subjects Participants

Korean medicine pattern types can be predictive factors of acupuncture treatment response and can be utilized in personalized treatment.

View Source 2023
Cross-Sectional Knee Pain

Korean Medicine Pattern Classification and Acupuncture Treatment Response Prediction in Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Yun JM, Kim SY, Ahn CB, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2023)
52% Wind-Cold-Damp Pattern Proportion
234 subjects Participants

Summary

Korean medicine pattern types were classified in 234 patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis, and acupuncture treatment responses were analyzed by each type. Wind-cold-damp obstruction pattern was most common at 52%, and acupuncture treatment response was best in the blood stasis pattern.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine pattern types can be predictive factors of acupuncture treatment response and can be utilized in personalized treatment.

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RCT Knee Pain

Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Pharmacopuncture and Acupuncture Treatment for Knee Bursitis

Han CH, Kim JI, Chung SY, et al.

Pain Medicine (2025)

77% Edema Reduction Rate
68 subjects Participants

The combination of pharmacopuncture and acupuncture treatment enhances treatment effects for knee bursitis.

View Source 2025
RCT Knee Pain

Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Pharmacopuncture and Acupuncture Treatment for Knee Bursitis

Han CH, Kim JI, Chung SY, et al. Pain Medicine (2025)
77% Edema Reduction Rate
68 subjects Participants

Summary

Sixty-eight patients with knee bursitis were assigned to pharmacopuncture + acupuncture treatment and acupuncture treatment alone groups and treated for 6 weeks. Joint edema reduction and walking pain improvement were significantly superior in the combination group.

Key Conclusion

The combination of pharmacopuncture and acupuncture treatment enhances treatment effects for knee bursitis.

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Systematic Review Knee Pain

Systematic Review of Moxibustion Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Lee JA, Nam SS, Go HY, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2022)

66% Pain Reduction Rate
1,534 subjects Participants

Moxibustion treatment is an effective complementary treatment for degenerative knee osteoarthritis, with direct moxibustion showing superior efficacy.

View Source 2022
Systematic Review Knee Pain

Systematic Review of Moxibustion Treatment for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis

Lee JA, Nam SS, Go HY, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2022)
66% Pain Reduction Rate
1,534 subjects Participants

Summary

Twenty-one RCTs evaluating the effect of moxibustion treatment for degenerative knee osteoarthritis were systematically analyzed. Moxibustion treatment showed significant effects on pain reduction and joint function improvement, with direct moxibustion being superior to indirect moxibustion.

Key Conclusion

Moxibustion treatment is an effective complementary treatment for degenerative knee osteoarthritis, with direct moxibustion showing superior efficacy.

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Before-After Knee Pain

Pre-Post Comparison Study of Chuna Therapy for Chondromalacia Patella

Chung WS, Lim JH, Kim GH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

68% Pain Reduction Rate
55 subjects Participants

Patellar alignment correction through chuna therapy is effective for improving symptoms of chondromalacia.

View Source 2024
Before-After Knee Pain

Pre-Post Comparison Study of Chuna Therapy for Chondromalacia Patella

Chung WS, Lim JH, Kim GH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
68% Pain Reduction Rate
55 subjects Participants

Summary

Chuna therapy for patellar tracking correction was administered for 6 weeks to 55 patients with chondromalacia patella. After treatment, patellar tilt angle improved, and anterior knee pain decreased significantly.

Key Conclusion

Patellar alignment correction through chuna therapy is effective for improving symptoms of chondromalacia.

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RCT Knee Pain

Comparison of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture and NSAIDs for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kang JW, Lee YS, Kwon CY, et al.

Pain Medicine (2022)

Non-inferior vs. NSAIDs
144 subjects Participants

Bee venom pharmacopuncture is a safer treatment alternative with effects similar to NSAIDs.

View Source 2022
RCT Knee Pain

Comparison of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture and NSAIDs for Degenerative Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kang JW, Lee YS, Kwon CY, et al. Pain Medicine (2022)
Non-inferior vs. NSAIDs
144 subjects Participants

Summary

One hundred forty-four patients with degenerative knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to bee venom pharmacopuncture and celecoxib groups and treated for 8 weeks. The bee venom pharmacopuncture group showed pain reduction effects similar to celecoxib with significantly fewer gastrointestinal side effects.

Key Conclusion

Bee venom pharmacopuncture is a safer treatment alternative with effects similar to NSAIDs.

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Systematic Review Knee Pain

Systematic Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Knee Ligament Injury

Park JB, Yoo JE, Lee HY, et al.

Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy (2024)

22 studies Analyzed Studies
Increasing Evidence Trend

Korean medicine treatment shows promising evidence in both conservative treatment and post-surgical rehabilitation of knee ligament injuries.

View Source 2024
Systematic Review Knee Pain

Systematic Review of Korean Medicine Treatment for Knee Ligament Injury

Park JB, Yoo JE, Lee HY, et al. Knee Surgery Sports Traumatology Arthroscopy (2024)
22 studies Analyzed Studies
Increasing Evidence Trend

Summary

Twenty-two studies published between 2008 and 2024 were systematically analyzed to evaluate the effect of Korean medicine treatment for knee ligament injury. Evidence for acupuncture treatment and herbal medicine was most abundant, and utilization in post-surgical rehabilitation was increasing.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment shows promising evidence in both conservative treatment and post-surgical rehabilitation of knee ligament injuries.

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