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Geummaek Research

Research Papers

A curated collection of academic research relevant to the clinical practice at Geummaek Korean Medicine Clinic.

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Research Papers
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Total 50 papers

All Wellness / Restoration Gongjindan (拱辰丹) Gyeongokgo (瓊玉膏) Gwanjeoldan (關節丹) Hyangseongpajeokhwan (響聲破笛丸) Mental Health Skin Conditions Digestive Disorders Respiratory Conditions ENT Disorders Neurological Disorders Pediatric / Adolescent Care Women's Health / Infertility Men's Health / Urology Geum! Maek! Capsule Diet Geum! Maek! Beauty Clinic Private Inpatient Room Traffic Accident Aftercare Pediatric Traffic Accident Workers' Compensation Lower Back Pain Neck Pain Shoulder Pain Elbow Pain Wrist / Hand Pain Hip Pain Knee Pain Ankle / Foot Pain TMJ Disorder
Narrative Review Shoulder Pain

Effect of Electroacupuncture for Periarthritis of Shoulder: A Narrative Review

Ahn YC, Woo HS, Choi JY, et al.

Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies (2022)

88% Treatment efficacy rate
32 studies Analyzed papers

Electroacupuncture is an effective method with multifaceted treatment mechanisms for periarthritis of shoulder.

View Source 2022
Narrative Review Shoulder Pain

Effect of Electroacupuncture for Periarthritis of Shoulder: A Narrative Review

Ahn YC, Woo HS, Choi JY, et al. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies (2022)
88% Treatment efficacy rate
32 studies Analyzed papers

Summary

A comprehensive review of analgesic mechanisms and clinical effects of electroacupuncture for periarthritis of shoulder. Electroacupuncture was confirmed to produce effects through various mechanisms including increased local blood flow, promoted endorphin secretion, muscle relaxation, and increased joint capsule flexibility.

Key Conclusion

Electroacupuncture is an effective method with multifaceted treatment mechanisms for periarthritis of shoulder.

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RCT Shoulder Pain

Effect of Combined Pharmacopuncture and Acupuncture for Frozen Shoulder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kim DH, Park MJ, Yoon SW, et al.

Acupuncture in Medicine (2023)

52.3° External rotation ROM
116 patients Participants

Combined pharmacopuncture and acupuncture shows superior effects to acupuncture alone in frozen shoulder treatment.

View Source 2023
RCT Shoulder Pain

Effect of Combined Pharmacopuncture and Acupuncture for Frozen Shoulder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kim DH, Park MJ, Yoon SW, et al. Acupuncture in Medicine (2023)
52.3° External rotation ROM
116 patients Participants

Summary

One hundred sixteen frozen shoulder patients were assigned to a pharmacopuncture plus acupuncture combination group or acupuncture alone group. After 12 weeks, the combination group showed significantly superior results in SPADI scores (38.4 vs 52.1), VAS (2.3 vs 3.8), and external rotation ROM (52.3 degrees vs 39.8 degrees).

Key Conclusion

Combined pharmacopuncture and acupuncture shows superior effects to acupuncture alone in frozen shoulder treatment.

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Case Study Shoulder Pain

Case Series of Korean Medicine Treatment for Calcific Tendinitis: Ultrasound Follow-Up

Seo BK, Kang JW, Kim AR, et al.

Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)

77.8% Calcium reduction rate
18 patients Participants

Korean medicine treatment is effective for calcium absorption and symptom improvement in calcific tendinitis.

View Source 2022
Case Study Shoulder Pain

Case Series of Korean Medicine Treatment for Calcific Tendinitis: Ultrasound Follow-Up

Seo BK, Kang JW, Kim AR, et al. Journal of Korean Medicine (2022)
77.8% Calcium reduction rate
18 patients Participants

Summary

Korean medicine treatment including acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, and bee venom pharmacopuncture was performed for 12 weeks and followed by ultrasound in 18 patients with calcific tendinitis. Fourteen patients (77.8%) showed reduced calcium deposit size, with complete disappearance observed in 4 patients. All patients showed improvements in pain and function.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine treatment is effective for calcium absorption and symptom improvement in calcific tendinitis.

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RCT Shoulder Pain

Joint Capsule Flexibility Recovery Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment in Frozen Shoulder Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial

Cho YJ, Nam DH, Kim KW, et al.

Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)

23.6° External rotation improvement
98 patients Participants

Dokhwalgisaeng-tang shows significant effects on joint capsule flexibility recovery in frozen shoulder patients.

View Source 2024
RCT Shoulder Pain

Joint Capsule Flexibility Recovery Effect of Herbal Medicine Treatment in Frozen Shoulder Patients: A Randomized Double-Blind Trial

Cho YJ, Nam DH, Kim KW, et al. Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2024)
23.6° External rotation improvement
98 patients Participants

Summary

Ninety-eight frozen shoulder patients were assigned in a double-blind manner to a Dokhwalgisaeng-tang or placebo group and treated for 8 weeks. The herbal medicine group showed significant ROM improvement, with particularly large differences in external rotation (23.6 degrees vs 14.2 degrees) and internal rotation (18.9 degrees vs 11.3 degrees).

Key Conclusion

Dokhwalgisaeng-tang shows significant effects on joint capsule flexibility recovery in frozen shoulder patients.

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Cohort Study Shoulder Pain

Effect of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation After Rotator Cuff Injury: A Cohort Study

Min WK, Baek YH, Heo KH, et al.

Pain Medicine (2022)

34.2 points ASES score improvement
178 patients Participants

Korean medicine rehabilitation shows superior functional recovery compared to Western medicine rehabilitation in conservative management of rotator cuff injury.

View Source 2022
Cohort Study Shoulder Pain

Effect of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation After Rotator Cuff Injury: A Cohort Study

Min WK, Baek YH, Heo KH, et al. Pain Medicine (2022)
34.2 points ASES score improvement
178 patients Participants

Summary

One hundred seventy-eight patients who chose conservative treatment after rotator cuff injury were followed for 24 weeks, divided into Korean medicine rehabilitation and Western medicine rehabilitation groups. The Korean medicine rehabilitation group showed significantly superior ASES score improvement (34.2 vs 28.7 points) and muscle strength recovery.

Key Conclusion

Korean medicine rehabilitation shows superior functional recovery compared to Western medicine rehabilitation in conservative management of rotator cuff injury.

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Meta-Analysis Shoulder Pain

Effect of Acupuncture for Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hong JY, Park TY, Shin KM, et al.

The Journal of Pain (2023)

2.14 points VAS reduction
1,456 patients Total participants

Acupuncture is an effective treatment with moderate or higher evidence for pain, function, and ROM improvement in shoulder impingement syndrome.

View Source 2023
Meta-Analysis Shoulder Pain

Effect of Acupuncture for Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Hong JY, Park TY, Shin KM, et al. The Journal of Pain (2023)
2.14 points VAS reduction
1,456 patients Total participants

Summary

A meta-analysis of 19 RCTs evaluating acupuncture for shoulder impingement syndrome. Acupuncture showed significant improvements compared to controls in VAS pain scores (MD=-2.14), Constant-Murley scores (MD=12.8), and abduction ROM (MD=15.3 degrees).

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture is an effective treatment with moderate or higher evidence for pain, function, and ROM improvement in shoulder impingement syndrome.

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RCT Shoulder Pain

Comparison of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture Concentration Effects for Periarthritis of Shoulder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kang BK, Lee WY, Son DJ, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)

83% High concentration group efficacy rate
126 patients Participants

Differences in effects according to bee venom pharmacopuncture concentration were confirmed, and selection of appropriate concentration based on patient condition is important.

View Source 2024
RCT Shoulder Pain

Comparison of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture Concentration Effects for Periarthritis of Shoulder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Kang BK, Lee WY, Son DJ, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2024)
83% High concentration group efficacy rate
126 patients Participants

Summary

One hundred twenty-six patients with periarthritis of shoulder were assigned to bee venom pharmacopuncture 1:10000, 1:30000, or saline control groups. After 8 weeks, the 1:10000 group showed the greatest pain reduction and ROM improvement but more local reactions. The 1:30000 group showed moderate effects with high safety.

Key Conclusion

Differences in effects according to bee venom pharmacopuncture concentration were confirmed, and selection of appropriate concentration based on patient condition is important.

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Narrative Review Shoulder Pain

Stage-Based Korean Medicine Treatment Strategies for Frozen Shoulder: A Narrative Review

Lee NR, Im SH, Kwon OJ, et al.

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2021)

3 stages Treatment strategy classification
45 studies Analyzed papers

Stage-based Korean medicine treatment strategies for frozen shoulder enable optimized treatment for each stage of disease.

View Source 2021
Narrative Review Shoulder Pain

Stage-Based Korean Medicine Treatment Strategies for Frozen Shoulder: A Narrative Review

Lee NR, Im SH, Kwon OJ, et al. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine (2021)
3 stages Treatment strategy classification
45 studies Analyzed papers

Summary

Korean medicine treatment strategies suitable for each stage of frozen shoulder (freezing, frozen, thawing) were reviewed based on literature. A staged approach focusing on pain control in the freezing stage, joint mobility recovery in the frozen stage, and functional strengthening in the thawing stage was confirmed as effective.

Key Conclusion

Stage-based Korean medicine treatment strategies for frozen shoulder enable optimized treatment for each stage of disease.

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Before-After Shoulder Pain

Effects of Intra-Articular Pharmacopuncture Administration in Frozen Shoulder Patients: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Sung WS, Do KH, Choi AR, et al.

Acupuncture in Medicine (2022)

78% Nocturnal pain resolution rate
54 patients Participants

Ultrasound-guided intra-articular pharmacopuncture is effective for ROM recovery and nocturnal pain resolution in frozen shoulder.

View Source 2022
Before-After Shoulder Pain

Effects of Intra-Articular Pharmacopuncture Administration in Frozen Shoulder Patients: A Pre-Post Comparison Study

Sung WS, Do KH, Choi AR, et al. Acupuncture in Medicine (2022)
78% Nocturnal pain resolution rate
54 patients Participants

Summary

Ultrasound-guided intra-articular pharmacopuncture was performed once weekly for 8 weeks in 54 frozen shoulder patients. After treatment, joint ROM improved by 31.2 degrees in external rotation, 28.7 degrees in abduction, and 19.4 degrees in internal rotation, with nocturnal pain resolved in 78% of patients.

Key Conclusion

Ultrasound-guided intra-articular pharmacopuncture is effective for ROM recovery and nocturnal pain resolution in frozen shoulder.

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RCT Shoulder Pain

Biomechanical Effects of Chuna Therapy for Rotator Cuff Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Jang SH, Yoon EH, Kim HJ, et al.

Spine (2024)

1.8 mm AHD increase
88 patients Participants

Chuna therapy is effective for securing acromiohumeral distance and correcting scapular movement patterns in rotator cuff disease.

View Source 2024
RCT Shoulder Pain

Biomechanical Effects of Chuna Therapy for Rotator Cuff Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Jang SH, Yoon EH, Kim HJ, et al. Spine (2024)
1.8 mm AHD increase
88 patients Participants

Summary

Eighty-eight patients with rotator cuff disease were assigned to Chuna therapy or exercise therapy control groups. After 8 weeks, the Chuna therapy group showed significant increase in acromiohumeral distance (AHD) (1.8 mm vs 0.7 mm), with scapular movement patterns also improved toward normalization.

Key Conclusion

Chuna therapy is effective for securing acromiohumeral distance and correcting scapular movement patterns in rotator cuff disease.

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Cross-Sectional Shoulder Pain

Characteristics of Tenderness Distribution at Acupoints in Patients with Shoulder Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Chae Y, Song BK, Lee JM, et al.

Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies (2023)

4 points Significant acupoints
384 patients Participants

Tenderness at specific acupoints can be utilized as an objective evaluation indicator for shoulder pain.

View Source 2023
Cross-Sectional Shoulder Pain

Characteristics of Tenderness Distribution at Acupoints in Patients with Shoulder Pain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Chae Y, Song BK, Lee JM, et al. Journal of Acupuncture and Meridian Studies (2023)
4 points Significant acupoints
384 patients Participants

Summary

Tenderness at acupoints around the shoulder joint was compared in 256 patients with shoulder pain and 128 healthy controls. The patient group showed significantly lower tenderness thresholds at LI15, TE14, LI14, and SI11, with high correlation to pain intensity.

Key Conclusion

Tenderness at specific acupoints can be utilized as an objective evaluation indicator for shoulder pain.

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RCT Shoulder Pain

Calcium Absorption Promoting Effect of Acupuncture in Calcific Tendinitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Oh SY, Lee YJ, Ha IH, et al.

BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)

58.3% Calcium size reduction
82 patients Participants

Acupuncture shows similar calcium absorption and superior pain relief compared to extracorporeal shockwave therapy in calcific tendinitis.

View Source 2023
RCT Shoulder Pain

Calcium Absorption Promoting Effect of Acupuncture in Calcific Tendinitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Oh SY, Lee YJ, Ha IH, et al. BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies (2023)
58.3% Calcium size reduction
82 patients Participants

Summary

Eighty-two patients with calcific tendinitis were assigned to acupuncture or extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) control groups. After 12 weeks, calcium size reduction rates on X-ray were similar (acupuncture 58.3%, ESWT 52.1%), but the acupuncture group was superior in pain reduction (VAS 2.1 vs 3.4).

Key Conclusion

Acupuncture shows similar calcium absorption and superior pain relief compared to extracorporeal shockwave therapy in calcific tendinitis.

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